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Evolution of Insects in terms of the Implicate and Explicate Orders.
Part IIIc
The Blattaria fauna of the Dunkard Basin
( S.E. United States )
The  Dunkard Formation  lies at the base of the Permian  ( Wolfcampian),
[After the Wolfcampian comes the Leonardian, and this, according to SHIMER, 1934 (in HENNIG, 1969), corresponds with the Upper Rotliegendes.] and is a sequence of Permian strata in the Appalachian Province, forming a basin of about 30000 square miles (and thus about comparable with the Basin of Kuznets, Siberia), in SW Pennsylvania and adjacent parts of Ohio and West Virginia. They [i.e. the Permian strata] lay west of the folded belt and are still nearly horizontal.

The Dunkard Basin
(After DUNBAR, 1963]
The basin consists of two facies of the same age [see Figure :  the facies on both sides of  A-A'' ] : The Dunkard basin is part of the vast coal region of the Appalachian region and topographically lies lower than the N(orth) and E(ast), as a result of which [in addition to coals] also Permian strata have been preserved here (but only the Dunkard Formation [Wolfcampian] ).
In this Dunkard basin, at Cassville, West Virginia, and in lower Permian strata, many fossil Blattida (Blattaria, Cockroaches) have been found (making a comparision with the Balachon stages of the basin of Kuznets interesting.  (I  cannot find out where precisely does lie the settlement Cassville in the Dunkard basin in order to determine in which facies the Blattida have been found. This facies will in all probability be the swamp facies.)

The next figures are of  fossil Blattida  from the Dunkard Formation (lower Permian). All drawings (except Fig.24, in Tafel XXXV) after  SCUDDER (round 1895), and reproduced in  HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Tafel XXXV and Tafel XXXVI.
The size of the drawings of the blattida tegmina (forewings) is rather small, about two times natural size, but clear enough to see the venation. We here have enlarged the drawings.
Phyloblatta  ovata SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of tegmen 15 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.14, description at p.355)
Phyloblatta  deducta SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 15 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.15, description at p.355)
Phyloblatta  mediana SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 18 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.13, description at p.355)
Phyloblatta  abdicata SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 17 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.16, description at p.355)
Phyloblatta  uniformis (SCUDDER) HANDLIRSCH.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 15 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.17, description at p.355)
Phyloblatta  residua SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 17 mm.
[As for all drawings in Tafel XXXV in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, we are not certain whether the measure, given by a line segment (not reproduced here) refers to the whole (reconstructed) tegmen or only to the preserved fragment.]
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.21, description at p.356)
Phyloblatta  cassvilleana HANDLIRSCH.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 18 mm.
[Again, as for all drawings in Tafel XXXV in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, we are not certain whether the measure, given by a line segment (not reproduced here) refers to the whole (reconstructed) tegmen or only to the preserved fragment.]
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.22, description at p.357)
Phyloblatta  regularis HANDLIRSCH.
[In the table subscript of HANDLIRSCH, 1906, it reads :  Ph. regularis SCUDDER]
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 18 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.23, description at p.357)
Phyloblatta  mactata SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 16 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.25)
Phyloblatta  dichotoma HANDLIRSCH.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of tegmen 16 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.29, description at p.358)
Phyloblatta  fracta HANDLIRSCH.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 17 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.30, description at p.358)
Phyloblatta  arcuata HANDLIRSCH.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of tegmen about 17 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.31, description at p.359)
Phyloblatta  mortua HANDLIRSCH.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of tegmen fragment (upper image) about 16 mm.
Length of tegmen fragment (lower image) about 19 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.32 and 33, description at p.359)
Phyloblatta  vulgata HANDLIRSCH.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of tegmen about 16 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.36, description at p.360)
Phyloblatta  virginiana HANDLIRSCH.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 19 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.37, description at p.360)
Phyloblatta  immolata SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 19 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.38, description at p.360)
Phyloblatta  debilis HANDLIRSCH.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 14 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.39, description at p.360)
Phyloblatta  imperfecta SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 16 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.43, description at p.361)
Phyloblatta  secreta SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of tegmen (fragment) about 19 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.44, description at p.361)
Phyloblatta  concinna SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of tegmen about 20 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.45, description at p.362)
Phyloblatta  Scudderiana HANDLIRSCH.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 16 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.46, description at p.362)
? Phyloblatta  dimidiata HANDLIRSCH.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 15 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.50, description at p.362)
? Phyloblatta  rebaptizata HANDLIRSCH.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 16 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.51, description at p.363)
Amoeboblatta  permanenta SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment (or tegmen) about 17 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.52, description at p.364)
Liparoblatta  ovata SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of tegmen about 15 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.53, description at p.364)
Phyloblatta  macilenta SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 12 mm. (length not clearly indicated)
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.11, description at p.354)
Phyloblatta  mucronata SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 12 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.12, description at p.354)
Phyloblatta  abbreviata HANDLIRSCH.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment 12.5 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig. 24, description at p.357)
Phyloblatta  macroptera HANDLIRSCH.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 22 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig. 10, description at p.354)
Phyloblatta  communis SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of tegmen about 18 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig. 9, description at p.354)
The Tafel subscript in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, reads :  Ph. communis (SCUDDER) HANDLIRSCH.
Phyloblatta  lata SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 17 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig. 19, description at p.356)
Phyloblatta  funeraria SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 18 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig. 18, description at p.356)
Phyloblatta  elatior HANDLIRSCH.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment (tegmen) about 22 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig. 28, description at p.358)
Phyloblatta  expugnata SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of tegmen about 19 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig. 26, description at p.358)
Phyloblatta  obatra SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of tegmen about 17 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig. 27, description at p.358)
Phyloblatta  angusta SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 17 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig. 20, description at p.356)
Phyloblatta  exsecuta SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of tegmen about 19 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig. 34, description at p.359)
Phyloblatta  gratiosa SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment (tegmen) about 19 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig. 35, description at p.359)
Phyloblatta  accubita SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 16 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig. 40, description at p.360)
Phyloblatta  expulsata SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 20 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig. 41, description at p.361)
Phyloblatta  macerata SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of tegmen about 20 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig. 42, description at p.361)
Phyloblatta  Rogi SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment (upper image) about 11.5 mm., of fragment (lower image) 21 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig. 48 and 49, description at p.362)
Phyloblatta  praedulcis SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 21 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.47, description at p.362)
Liparoblatta  radiata SCUDDER.
Family Poroblattinidae.
Length of fragment (tegmen) about 15 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.54, description at p.364)

Here the CuA area is contracted with its veins more or less steeply running onto the posterior wing-margin (as also is the case in the next two and other species to come in this list), making this form to belong to the family Poroblattinidae.
Bradyblatta  sagittaria SCUDDER.
Family Poroblattinidae.
Length of fragment about 14 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.55, description at p.365)
Exochoblatta  hastata SCUDDER.
Family Poroblattinidae.
Length of fragment about 11 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXV, Fig.56, description at p.365)
Acosmoblatta  permacra SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment (tegmen) about 17 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXVI, Fig.2, description at p.365)
Acosmoblatta  Eakiniana SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 16 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXVI, Fig.3, description at p.366)
Penetoblatta  virginiensis SCUDDER.
Family Poroblattinidae.
Length of fragment about 12 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXVI, Fig.5, description at p.366)
Penetoblatta  rotundata SCUDDER.
Family Poroblattinidae.
Length of fragment (tegmen) about 9.5 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXVI, Fig.6, description at p.367)
Pareinoblatta  expuncta SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 15 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXVI, Fig.7, description at p.367)
Symphyoblatta  debilis SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 17 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXVI, Fig.8, description at p.367)
Apempherus  complexinervis SCUDDER.
Family Poroblattinidae.
Length of tegmen about 17 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXVI, Fig.9, description at p.368)
Apempherus  fossus SCUDDER.
Family Archimylacridae.
Length of fragment about 17.5 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXVI, Fig.10, description at p.368)

Here the nature of the CuA area is somewhat intermediate between that in Archimylacridae and Poroblattinidae.
Sysciophlebia  Cassvici SCUDDER.
Family Spiloblattinidae.
Length of fragment about 26 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXVI, Fig.20, description at p.371)

Tegmen more or less elongated. Areas between Sc, R, M, and CuA wide. Making this form to belong to the family Spiloblattinidae.
Sysciophlebia  diversipennis SCUDDER.
Family Spiloblattinidae.
Length of fragment about 25 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXVI, Fig.22, description at p.371)
Sysciophlebia  occulta SCUDDER.
Family Spiloblattinidae.
Length of fragment about 26 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXVI, Fig.23, description at p.372)
Sysciophlebia  patiens SCUDDER.
Family Spiloblattinidae.
Length of fragment about 18 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXVI, Fig.24, description at p.372)
Sysciophlebia  invisa SCUDDER.
Family Spiloblattinidae.
Length of fragment about 18 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXVI, Fig.30, description at p.373)
Arrhythmoblatta  detecta SCUDDER.
Family Spiloblattinidae.
Length of fragment (tegmen) about 17 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXVI, Fig.37, description at p.376)
Arrhythmoblatta  Scudderiana HANDLIRSCH.
Family Spiloblattinidae.
Length of fragment about 18.5 mm.
Locality :  Cassville, W.Va. (= West-Virginia).
Lower Permian of Dunkard Basin, USA.
(After SCUDDER, in HANDLIRSCH, 1906, Taf.XXXVI, Fig.38, description at p.376)

* * *
This, then, is the faunistics of palaeozoic Blattida as encountered in the lower Permian of the Dunkard basin in the SEE United States.
Three families seem to have been present there, viz., the Archimylacridae, the Poroblattinidae, and the Spiloblattinidae. And almost all Archimylacridae of this fauna have tegmina that belong to the  phyloblatta  type. Indeed, this type is dominant in the Blattida fauna anyway (as it is the case also in the Wettiner and Kuznets basins).
With this we conclude the exposition of blattarian fauna of the Dunkard Basin. In the next document we will describe the Blattarian fauna of the Kuznetz Basin, Siberia, Russia.
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To continue click HERE  for a description of the Blattarian fauna of the Carboniferous of the Kuznets Basin, Siberia.  Part IIId.

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